Monster by Sanyika Shakur Essay Example for Free

Monster by Sanyika Shakur Essay The book Monster by Sanyika Shakur is the story of one gang member’s life of crime growing up in a crime ridden neighbourhood outside Los Angeles. Then known as Kody Scott but given the name Monster by his fellow gang members because of his vicious and ruthless acts of violence, Shakur relates a life of crime that started at adolescence and escalated quickly. He relates to the reader that the only feelings of belonging and family that he truly experienced were in the family created by his fellow thugs through a life of shootouts and gangbanging. In the book, Shakur expresses memories of his mother’s only reactions to his crimes being disapproval and detachment, rather than concern or love. There is little evidence of order or community in Shakur’s experiences either in his time on the street or during his periods of incarceration. The novel Monster and the life of Sanyika Shakur paint a picture of a life ruled by the concepts of the social disorganization theory. The social disorganization theory, formulated by Burgess, Shaw and McKay, proposes that delinquency and crime are the results of communal institutions like family, church, school and local government fail and stop being active structures within a community. These communal institutions enforce social responsibility, care and concern for the community and positive behaviour within the community. When these institutions degrade and stop playing active roles in the lives of the citizens of a community, the organization and social responsibility of the community is lost and crime and negative behaviour can spread in their place. The memory of Kody’s graduation at the beginning of Monster is an example of the prevalence of social disorganization in Shakur’s life. He relates how, at the age of 12, his graduation from grade school is treated as a family event and attended by all his siblings, an aunt and an uncle. But as soon as the graduation ceremony ends and the family returns home it disintegrates, with the other authority figures leaving and Kody being yelled at by his mother to clean up his room. There is no praise, no positive reinforcement, just yelling and orders. As a result Kody flees for the place that he feels he will get that acceptance, love and sense of accomplishment – the hangout of a local gang member. It is in this early experience that it can be seen how the life of a gang member, in young Kody’s eyes, will meet his needs far better than living the life of a civilian and working a regular job, as he describes the clothes of one gang member he emulates as, â€Å"Things our parents could not afford to give us† (Shakur 6). He has been given no reinforcement from his family unit, a family where there is seemingly little or no structure, so he finds that structure and reinforcement, along with the promise of better things, in gang life. Later, after being released from prison, Shakur reflects on his neighbourhood that he grew up in and recognizes its shortcomings: â€Å"I couldn’t believe the drabness of the city. Burned-out buildings and vacant houses took up whole blocks. Gas stations and liquor stores owned by Koreans were on every corner. Mexican merchants hung on corners, hawking oranges like dope. The obvious things that had been there all along I never saw differently† (Shakur 360). This illustration paints a picture of a neighbourhood that is rife with the characteristics of a socially disorganized environment. Shakur mentions no schools, no churches, no public parks or recreational sources of positive enforcement. The things that stand out to him are liquor stores and Mexican fruit sellers. There are burned-out buildings and vacant houses, representative of the void where positive reinforcement and social responsibility is blatantly absent in his community. As a result, these streets that now cause him to feel depressed are the same ones that led him to a life of crime and murder. The things that are absent from the streets that Shakur sees were also absent from his life. He never mentions school again after that early graduation memory except to say that he never went back, and there is no mention of church at all by him or his family. The concept of faith is so foreign to him that he does not understand it when the Muslim leaders in prison try to explain faith to him. There is no evidence of social responsibility in the neighbourhood that Shakur describes, only poverty and businesses like liquor stores that provide sources of negative distraction from life and responsibility instead of encouraging improvement or positive behaviour. One of the elements of gang life that appealed to Shakur was the structure provided by the organization of gang sets. He states, â€Å"All attempts at new ideas are not successful. Sets fail, much like businesses. Much work goes into establishing a set. With the success of a set comes universal recognition† (Shakur 81). This description indicates that Shakur’s way of thinking and personality would have benefited from a more positive source of structure and organization, such as in church, school or a community work program. In this illustration Shakur explains that successfully organizing a gang set garners recognition and respect, the ultimate goal. But the gang members he’s organizing with have not been taught how to organize themselves for a positive goal, like a school athletic team or a church choir or study group. In the absence of that positive reinforcement their organizational skills turn to forming a successful set that will have adequate numbers and sufficient weapons to launch an attack on gang rivals. The social network that should have existed within the community as a source of strength and positive reinforcement was replaced by a social network within the gang community, spreading violence and drug use throughout a community weakened by lack of leadership and socially positive structures. There is a sense of apathy portrayed in the neighbourhood that Shakur grew up gangbanging in that allowed the social disorganization to spread. He describes occasions in which he and fellow gang members would follow rivals into local businesses to assault them and business owners would simply step out of the way. This is another scenario in which positive behaviour could have been reinforced. The local businesses do not represent a traditional social structure like a school or a church, but a group of local businesses banding together to stop gang violence on their premises and to enforce the law against crime and encourage local youth towards more positive pursuits would have produced the same effect. Instead, other citizens turn a blind eye to the theft and violence that occurs on their property out of fear or apathy. This attitude allows the disorganization to occur just as the failing of the communal institutions does. Shakur’s experiences in the multiple prisons in which he is incarcerated also provide evidence of a lack of structure or positive reinforcement. Shakur repeatedly gives examples of prison guards that mistreat and beat African American inmates because they are African American or because they are gang members. When discussing the juxtaposition of the environment he grew up in with the prison environment he explains that much of the disorganization and violence in prison stemmed from, â€Å"the fact that most of us grew up in eighty percent New Afrikan community policed – or occupied – by an eighty five percent American pig force that is clearly antagonistic to any male in the community, displaying this antagonism at every opportunity by any means necessary with all the brute force and sadistic imagination they can muster†(Shakur 223-24). In a socially organized society law enforcement would be another structure that would reinforce positive behaviour within the community and help to encourage a sense of community responsibility. Here, Shakur describes a police force where the opposite is true. Instead of encouraging positive action the police antagonize citizens, especially those that are male, and use brute force and unnecessary violence to enforce the law, while taking advantage of their position of authority over the citizens. Instead of using their authority to be role models within the community and protect the people from crime by discouraging it, the police that Shakur grew up with on his Los Angeles streets abused their power and took advantage of their authority to wrongfully accuse Shakur and his community. This represents a clear departure from the social structure necessary for social organization, and a degradation that could have definitely resulted in the presence of social disorganization instead. The structures of authority within the gang world relate Shakur’s need for reinforcement and organization that he didn’t find in his social community. During his stay in prison he describes plays for power in which an inmate member of one gang would physically assault or publicly humiliate an inmate member of another gang as a means of establishing dominance for himself over the other inmate and for his gang set over the other gang set. Again, this is an example of the lack of social structure, both out in the community and within the confines of the prison, resulting in a social structure and community spreading in the criminal world and encouraging negative behaviour and crime. It is in this prison system that functions as a microcosm of social disorganization that Shakur discovered the New Afrikan Independence Movement, which is presented as a contrast to the unstructured, violent, socially disorganized world that Shakur has known. Again, he feels a sense of belonging in the structure and positive reinforcement of his attitude. He learns to take pride in his heritage and where he is from instead of reacting out of anger and ignorance at the police and other members of society that he feels degrade him. In the movement Shakur explains that he learned that his behaviour was directly related to the environment he was in and the reinforcement he was given, and that the only way to create a positive environment for himself and his people was to create one. In himself, Shakur develops his own social organization. He describes how he left the gang community while in prison and expresses surprise that there was not more resistance. It makes sense that after a life in the gang world where any opposition or threat to the authority and structure of the gang was met with anger, violence, and potentially death, that Shakur would be apprehensive about announcing his decision to turn his back on gang life and his surprise at the calm reaction. Shakur also changes his life outside of prison, instructing his friends to not address him using the N-word and refusing the cocaine they bring him. The reactions of his friends and family to his new attitude and outlook on life illustrate the reinforcement of social disorganization. His gang member friends try to give him money and drugs right away so that he can delve right back into a life of illegal activity and crime. His mother displays a detached, almost unemotional attitude that indicates that she doesn’t think it’s possible for him to avoid returning to the gangbanging life he knew and make a new life for himself. In her reaction, his mother displays all the characteristics of a socially disorganized community in her inability to offer positive reinforcement or organizational help or structure. It is only through Shakur’s will and new sense of purpose that he escapes the socially disorganized world he lived in for one that is organized with the structure and positive reinforcement he needs to succeed. Works Cited Shakur, Sanyika. Monster. New York: Grove Press, 1993.

The Three Major Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology Essay -- Sociolo

Introduction Sociologists develop theories to explain and analyze society at different levels and from different perspectives. Sociologists study everything from the micro level of analysis of small social patterns to the â€Å"big picture† which is the macro level of analysis of large social patterns. Sociologists employ three major theoretical perspectives in sociology today. They are the structural-functionalist perspective, the conflict perspective, and the symbolic interactionism. The structural-functionalist perspective is done at a macro level and its focus is on the relationships between the parts of society. The Conflict perspective is done at a macro level and its main focus is on how the wealthy controls the poor and weak. Symbolic Interactionism is done at a micro and it focuses on the use of symbols and face to face interactions. Structural-Functionalist Perspective The structural-functionalist perspective looks at society as a complex system composed of various parts much like a living organism. Each aspect of society contributes to society's functioning as a whole. Social institutions play a key role in keeping a society stable. All societies need certain things to survive (Newman 2010). Auguste Comte (Newman 2010) pointed out the need to keep society unified as many traditions were diminishing. He created the term sociology. Auguste Comte suggests that sociology is the product of a three-stage development. Talcott Parson (Parsons 1951) sees society as a collection of systems within systems Parson determined that each individual has expectations of the other's action and reaction to his own behaviour, and that these expectations would be derived from the accepted norms and values of th... ...analyzing a social issue because neither of the perspectives solely addresses all the possibly circumstances of an issue. Works Cited Durkheim, Emile. 1915. The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life: A Study in Religious Sociology. Translated by Joseph Ward Swain. New York: Macmillan. Goffman, E. 1959. The presentation of self in everyday life. Garden City, NY: Double Day Parsons, Talcott. 1951. The Social System. Glencoe, IL: Free Press. Newman, David N.2010. Sociology: exploring the architecture of everyday life. Mead, G. H. 1934. Mind, self and society and society. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Merton, Robert K. 1957. Social Theory and Social Structure. New York: Free Press. Mills, C. W. 1956. The power elite. New York Oxford University Press. Weber, M. 1947. The theory of social and economic organization. New York: Free Press.

The Department’s Management is Sound

Obviously, this kind of situation shows lack of strategies in the financial management area of the department. It may be possible that the department is able to provide themselves all the resources they need, thus allowing them to provide satisfactory service that their department is expected to provide. However, beyond the department†s activities of supplying themselves with sufficient resources, there may exist an inability to monitor and effectively handle their financial resources. Therefore, causing the department to go over its budget. Another problem that may exist in the department causing the over budget problem is its inability to evaluate and consider the advantages and disadvantages of every action that they take. For instance, activities such as hiring of new employees may be seen by the department to be constructive for the different projects that it handles. However, considering the cost of hiring new employees may be overlooked by the department†s management. Inability to decide on what is the best solution to take or inability to find alternative solutions for a problem may be another characteristic of the department that causes over budget problem. The success in managing a department does not only depend and cannot be measured only on how a department is able to perform its duties to a company. Instead, the measurement of a real successful management are the efficiency and accuracy of the strategies used to become successful. For instance, allocating sufficient employees to a project may be helpful to a project. It may also be effective because of enough manpower to complete a project. However, is it accurate and efficient for the company†s expense? A drawback of too much employees† idle time may exist. This results to the department spending money for employees† unproductive hours.

Various Policies Of The Us Government Toward Native...

History 17B Midterm #1 Zack Jodry History 17B Professor Pritchard March 10th, 2015 Jodry 2 Part One: Explain the various policies of the US government toward Native American tribes, 1870-1890. Give concrete examples of these policies and various tribal responses to US government actions. America’s Gilded Age. A time where in the span of 20 years, a major amount of progress has made its way to our young nation. The Statue of Liberty made its debut on October 1886, Railroads became a new way of economic power and transportation of goods, and almost everyone moved out west to seek new lives with the hopes of fortune in mind. However, with America expanding and renovating itself after the end†¦show more content†¦It was the beginning of the end not only for the homes of the natives, but their lifestyles would be changed too. â€Å"The federal government pressed forward with its assault on Indian culture. The Bureau of Indian Affairs established boarding schools where Indian children, removed from the â€Å"negative† influences of their parents and tribes, were dressed in non-Indian clothes, given new names, and educated in white ways.† Life would become increasingly difficult for our original settlers. But it was either conform to the †Å"American† society or worse be removed completely. In 1887, The Dawes Act was issued by President Grover Cleveland in hopes of dividing every Indian land and selling it into smaller forms offering their own private property which was then auctioned off by white Americans. â€Å"Indians who accepted the farms and â€Å"adopted the habits of civilized life† would become full fledged American citizens.† Many Indian men, women, and children had to leave their previous lives behind in order to have some sort of freedom. This meant cutting their hair short, wearing non traditional tribal clothing, and practicing christianity. However, few Indians were respected as American citizens because many of them couldn’t give up

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White Collar Crimes And Criminal Offences - 1238 Words

â€Å"Bank robbery is down by half over the last decade, check fraud has declined in recent years, and cyber crime is surging† (Scanio and Ludwig). Fraudulent activity is everywhere. It is a crime even though there are no victims. Scams, price fixing, wiring accounts, fraud of all sorts, etc are all types of white-collar crimes. Not all crimes that are committed are even performed by the Chief Financial Officer. It has become more accessible, to commit these crimes, with the mass amounts of internet and cellular towers available. While the amount of electronic devices have increased so has the amount of cybercrimes. White collar crimes are criminal offences, formed from plans to rob from companies. There have been many in the past with substantial restitution rates, but the controversy is how they rate the crime and the consequences that a specific crime comes with it. History has changed the way bank accounts secure their information and how they allow finances to settle. Ac cording to Mark Sherman, the term white-collar crime was coined in 1939 by criminologist Edwin Sutherland, who defined it as â€Å"crime in upper class which is composed of respectable, or at least respected, business, and professional men.† They categorize crimes based on patterns, how they use resources, others involved and the length of time. The criminals use other accounts to avoid loss with their own money. Most crimes are not physical, but some may become physical if they supply to the wrong source.Show MoreRelatedEssay on White Collar Crime and Corporate Crime1509 Words   |  7 PagesWhite Collar crime is not a crime unto it self, but instead a criteria that has to be met in order for a crime to be considered as White- Collar Crime; (Blount, 2002) hence the reason why Corporate Crime is also considered as White- Collar Crime. 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Flash Consultant Company Business Marketing-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discus about the Flash Consultants Company Business Marketing? Answer: Introduction Flash Telecom Co. is established as a consultancy and marketing enterprise in telecommunication and information. The company hasn't been in the market for long and specializes in selling telecom and marketing information products. The company targets telecom companies as its main clients. Flash Telecom Co. carries out market research activities on behalf of its clients and then give an after analysis solution to the client's request. The objectives of the firm are to create good relationships with those it serves, the employees, partners, and the public. Flash Telecom Co. has a Skills Unit Department that has ensured that the company enjoys a lucrative market within a great economy that is rapidly growing. One such achievement produced by the unit has resulted in a soaring number of entrepreneurs trusting our services. However, the Skills Unit intends to increase necessary services number which is offered to the corporation. The unit would be considered as a marketing research center where project-based consultations are performed. Flash Telecom Co. has therefore planned to implement a strategy towards ensuring that the company achieves market penetration. The plan is also designed to ensure that the prices of the services offered are affordable. The strategy is a promotional one that is about advertisement integration, personal selling, relation with the public, the Internet, and direct marketing, and also the provision of marketing section for the plan. The market that is targeted ranges from those in the corporate towers and other businesses. Since Flash Telecom Co. Skills Unit is the pride of the companys analytical ability, high-quality standards, value-added service, and capacity to adapt the company intends to offer its clients with the appropriate planning tools and information. Flash Telecom Co. has been in the line of consultancy because it believes in efficiency understands the problems clients face and how to solve them through marketing research. Also, the company doesnt only intend to sell or market its service but to also customize information before market and sell it. Market Framework Regardless of the kind of business activity, one runs, possessing a proper marketing plan for the firm is always crucial. The moment the advertisement strategy fails to promote the products and services sold by the business organization, understand that the company is unlikely to succeed. Whatever factors that make the ad effective are important to consider because they allow one to come up with concrete plans that would ensure that better results are achieved. A good advertisement must therefore be: Memorable Target audience actually Entertaining Able to grab attention Flash Telecom Co. is venturing into a competitive market that is already in existence. However, unlike other new firms, the company approaches the market with a different perspective. Even though there are several digital communication advancements in the current business platform, Flash Telecom Co. chooses to use a face to face method of communication as a way of enhancing the market through research and analysis activities as a means of ensuring that it offers informed consultancy to the clients (DeVault 2017). The main reason for identifying this technique of face-to-face is because the companys professionals are likely to understand the clients better since they use the natural body expressions to gather information attached to their emotions towards a given product. Online market research activities may not give such credible and honest responses unlike the face to face technique. The technique also ensures that the researcher can detect responses that are insincere by observing the respondents expressions. The company, therefore, identifies the strength of face to face technique as the most appropriate method of ensuring better clients get better results (DeVault 2017). HR Management Framework An excellent and professional team of workers will only be realized by Flash Telecom Co. once it has an excellent Human Resource Framework. The firm's HRM team includes the functionality of recruiting workers, training them, motivating them and maintaining performance appraisals (The importance of Human Resource Management 2017). The importance of HR functions to the company includes: Recruitment and Training Both hiring and training are the primary responsibilities required of Flash Telecom Co.s HR team. All the managers are expected to come up with strategies that would enable them to recruit the right employees for the available jobs. They are also obligated to formulate the scope of employee assignments. The employees are also supposed to be educated. The training offered is done according to whatever the organization requires of them (The importance of Human Resource Management 2017). This is the opportunity that the staff members get to develop unique skills that would help them assume new roles in the company. Performance Appraisals With HRM, Flash Telecom Co. encourages workers to perform as per the level of their potential. It also helps in giving suggestions that would help employees improve in the corporation. Maintaining Work Atmosphere A good working environment is important in the aspect of the HRM since individual performance within Flash Telecom Co. gets driven by the prevailing work culture in the workplace (The importance of Human Resource Management, 2017). A proper condition of work is beneficial to an employee that works in the company. When the work atmosphere is friendly, the staff will do their job efficiently. Managing Disputes Several situations may lead to disputes between employers and the employees in an organizational setup. In case such differences occur, it is the duty of the department of human resource which would act on the matter to provide a suitable solution for the conflict. Developing Public Relations The HRM is always responsible for establishing proper public relations. It is the HRM that will organize business meetings, conduct seminars and other official gatherings at the dispensation of the enterprise (The importance of Human Resource Management 2017). In the case of Flash Telecom Co. lacked a proper setup for the HRM, it would likely suffer from grave consequences. Due to such a reason, the company must struggle to put a lot of effort in creating an effective HRM. Revenue Cycle From Data cracker analysis, Flash Telecom Co. has managed to determine the solution to its sales issues. Clients, seven in number, gave their annual gross income as between $1500000-$2500000 after venturing into partnership with our company. Most of the companies that intend to buy our consultancy services are business corporations. The clients are willing to pay as much as $30000 to $40000 for the services we provide; regardless of the time, we've been in operation. Flash Telecom Co. also intends to expand its territories beyond the country into other foreign markets because we believe that quality services will sell anywhere in the world. For the good services that our workers provide, the least individual to be paid goes with more than fortnight pay of $5000 to $10000. Since we majorly target growth in all sectors, the company works with clients as a way of increasing both the client's and its income. Making an impact on the productivity of a client company is the only way Flash T elecom Co. can increase its revenues before ultimate establishment. This can, however, only get achieved through the delivery of best services. The company shall, therefore, help the clients in engaging in more research activities as a measure of retaining them and ensuring that they receive the best services. Payroll Cycle In this part, the underlying financial issue and the relevant payment methods are discussed with regards to Flash Telecom Co. The company employs the FinTech aspect of finance with the help of online payment companies to easily monitor its funds and pay the workers in a prompt manner (Oracle 2017). On the contrary, in-depth research analysis provided the fact that the same payment system would be recommended as a formal financial partnership between the company and its client. By definition, therefore, a payroll cycle is a financial process that the management of Flash Telecom Co. would complete every time that it pays its employees. The steps consist of: Pre-payroll processing. Print payments. Pro forma journal entries processing. Print payroll cycle reports. Final Update Processing Every payroll cycle is preceded by entering and updating information used by the system during the cycle. Such information includes: Frequency of pay Employee information ID number Pay rate Tax information All the employee payment reports are processed every two weeks. The information is then verified in the pre-payroll processing. In the pre-payroll processing, work files are created to produce reports on payments (Oracle 2017). The payroll cycle information is then reviewed and corrections made if necessary before the payments are printed. Employees then receive cash though: Automatic-deposit slips The Payroll Register report system is mainly used to perform prints during the whole process. In case reports need to be automatically printed, having the register report system would ensure the same during reports-only steps within the payroll cycle. In the case of errors during the final update, corrections can be made and rerun steps performed when necessary. In other instances, reset might be required before resetting the setup. Due to the complex steps of the payroll cycle, the company invests in FinTech and follows the economic developments the financial company (Oracle 2017). FinTech provides information regarding financial reports for the payroll cycle to improve or complement the investments of Flash Telecom Co. Payment Cycle The payment cycle is a management solution for helping Flash Telecom Co. in meeting the requirements of the customers. The system is used to streamline receivable accounts and also save resources and time (Billtrust 2017). By implementing PCM, Flash Telecom Co. has realized: An accelerated cash flow Improved efficiency in operations Increased transparency The company uses automated and flexible payment cycle to ensure that it stays competitive and lean. Flash Telecom Co.s Quantum Payment Cycle helps in leveraging the technology used and also creates transparency and flexibility in the invoice-to-cash process. Complex demands of the customer are also met by the use of payment channel options and multiple invoicing (Billtrust 2017) Conclusion Flash Telecom Co. ventures into a competitive market that is already in existence. However, unlike other new firms, the company approaches the market with a different perspective. Even though there are several digital communication advancements in the current business platform, Flash Telecom Co. chooses to use a face to face method of communication as a way of enhancing the market through research and analysis activities as a means of ensuring that it offers informed consultancy to the clients. The main reason for identifying this technique of face-to-face is because the company's professionals are likely to understand the clients better since they use the natural body expressions to gather information attached to their emotions towards a given product. Reference Assignment Centre, U 2017, The importance of HRM Policies And Practices Business Essay. Uniassignment.com. Available at: https://www.uniassignment.com/essay-samples/business/importance-of-hrm-policies-and-practices-business-essay.php [Accessed 25 May 2017]. Billtrust, 2017, What Is Payment Cycle Management? | Billtrust. [online] Billtrust. Available at: https://www.billtrust.com/payment-cycle-management/ [Accessed 25 May 2017]. DeVault, G 2017, Tame Your Focus Groups and Get Useful Insights. The Balance. Available at: https://www.thebalance.com/what-is-a-market-research-focus-group-2296907 [Accessed 25 May 2017]. Institute, C 2017, Enterprise Risk Management (ERM). Cia-ica.ca. 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Available at: https://www.humanresourceexcellence.com/importance-of-human-resource-management/ [Accessed 25 May 2017].